Friday 11 March 2016

KTU First Second Semester Sample Questions for PHYSICS

PHYSICS – QUESTIONS

PART – A

1) Write any four applications of superconductors.
2) Interference fringes are formed in a thin air wedge using sodium light of wavelength 5893 Å. When observed normally, 10 fringes are found in a distance of 1 cm. Calculate the angle of the wedge.
3) Explain the physical significance of wave function.
4) Describe the recording of hologram.
5) What are spherical waves? A wave is represented by Ψ =3.0×10-3 Cos (8.4×1013 t+2.8×105 z)Vm-1 Compute i) amplitude, ii)frequency, iii)wavelength, iv) wave velocity, when z and t are in meter second respectively?
6) Explain interference filter.
7) In Newton’s ring experiment, diameter of 4th and 12th dark rings are 0.4cm and 0.7cm respectively. Deduce the diameter of 20th dark ring.
8) Compare grating spectra and prism spectra.
9) Explain the formation of colours in thin films.
10) Compare Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction.
11) Explain Kerr effect.
12) Enlist the application of laser in medicine.
13) What is meant by Silsbee effect?
14) Define piezoelectric effect. Draw a diagram to show piezoelectric axes of quartz.
15) What is meant by pumping and what are the different types of pumping schemes.
16) Define V-number of an optical fiber? Relate the same with n1 and n2 –the refractive indices of the core and cladding.
17) What is a hologram? What are the special features of a hologram over a photograph?
18) Write down Sabine’s formula and explain its significance.
19) Explain the different applications of optical fibres.
20) What are the characteristics of Laser?
21) What are the merits and demerits of Magnetostriction method of ultra sound generation?
22) What is meant by modes? Compare a single mode and multi mode fibre
23) State Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Prove that an electron cannot exist inside a nucleus.
24) Explain the method of production of ultrasonic waves using magnetrostriction oscillators.
25) Distinguish between spontaneous emission and stimulated emission. Write their expression in terms of Einstein’s co-efficients.
26) Derive the expression for the numerical aperture of an optical fibre.
27) Explain the terms reverberation and loudness. Write any two remedial measures each.
28) Define the dispersive power of a diffraction grating.
29) Whata are polaroids and what are its applications.
30) Mention the applications of optic fibers.
31) Distinguish between step index and graded index fiber.
32) The reflection indices of the core and cladding of a step index fiber and 1.45 and 1.41 respectively. Calculate the core diameter required for the propagation of a signal of wavelength 850nm.
33) Calculate the number of photons present in the laser beam of wavelength 632nm and an average power of 3.17 MW.
34) Explain the terms stimulated emission and population inversion.
35) Explain Avalanche breakdown.
36) What are macro states and micro states? Explain how they are connected?
37) What is the physical meaning of numerical aperture?
38) Explain conditions for interference.
39) . Why population inversion is necessary to achieve in lasing action?
40) What are macro states and micro states? Explain how they are connected?

PART – B
1) Considering transverse vibrations of a stretched string derive the one dimensional wave equation.
2) Frame and solve the differential equation of forced harmonic motion.
3) Describe Meissner effect in superconductivity.
4) Describe Newton’s Rings experimental setup. Obtain the expression for radius of nth dark ring.
5) Describe interference filter.
6) Describe with theory, production and detection of elliptically and circularly polarized lights.
7) Explain the phenomenon of double refraction in a calcite crystal. Define positive and negative crystals.
8) Describe briefly the detection of ultrasonic waves.
9) Derive the time dependent Schrodinger equation for a moving particle and hence derive the time independent Schrodinger equation.
10) Explain Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle. How does the uncertainty principle account for the absence of electrons in the nucleus?
11) Obtain and solve the differential equation for a damped harmonic oscillator. Discuss the different cases.
12) Write down 3-dimensional wave equation and obtain its solution.
13) Explain super conductivity. What are Type I and Type II super conductors?
14) Derive Cosine law. Explain the colors of thin films.
15) What are the operators in Quantum mechanics? Obtain the operators for momentum, energy and total energy.
16) Compare Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics.
17) Discuss the formation of rings in Newton's rings experiment. Also obtain the expression for diameter of a dark ring in Newton's rings.
18) Write down Schrodinger equation for particle in a box. Solve and obtain energy eigen values and normalised eigen functions. Also plot the probability distribution.
19) What is holography? Explain recording and reconstruction of a hologram.
20) Calculate the maximum value of angle of incidence that a ray can make with the axis of the step index fibre, so that it gets guided through the fibre. N1=1.61 and n2=1.5
21) Assuming plane wave solution for wave equation, show that the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other.
22) Describe with necessary theory the formation of interference pattern in an air wedge. Explain how it can be used to test the plainness of a glass plate. An air wedge is formed using two glass plates of length 5cm and a thin wire. The wavelength of light used is 589 nm. If 200 fringes are formed in 1 mm, find the radius of the wire.
23) State Rayleigh’s criterion for resolution and derive an expression for the resolving power of a microscope. Describe the diffraction pattern formed with circular aperture.
24) What is double refraction? Explain the construction and working of a Nicol prism.
25) Describe the construction and working of ruby laser. What are its (1) merits; (ii) demerits; (iii) any two important applications?
26) Give a comparative treatment between type I and type II superconductors.
27) Explain the principle, construction and working and merits and demerits of magnetostriction ultrasound generator?
28) Explain the working for any three optical fibres sensors with suitable block diagrams.
29) Coherence length of red cadminum of wavelength 634.2nm and 30nm. Calculate the number of waves in this length.
30) What is the frequency of electromagnetic radiations emitted from Josephson junction having a voltage of 865v across its terminals?
31) A multimode step index fiber with a core diameter of 60μm and relative refractive index difference of 1% is operating at a wavelength of 0.8μm. if the refractive of the core is 1.5, determine, .The normalized frequency for the fiber. The approximate number of modes it will support.
32) Explain any six properties and six applications of ultrasonic.
33) With a neat block diagram, explain a fiber optic communication system. List its advantages compared to the copper wire communication system.
34) Explain various types of optical fiber bundles.
35) Derive Sabine’s formula for reverberation time. Discuss the importance of reverberation time.
36) Explain AC and DC Josephson effects.
37) Explain the effect of magnetic field on superconductors.
38) )Describe the experiment to prove that superconductor is a perfect diamagnet.
39) Describe the use of ultrasonic waves in non-destructive testing of materials.
40) Give an account of the acoustical requirements of a good auditorium.
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